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During the Holocaust, the Jewish population of over 3000 in Bolekhiv (Yiddish: Bolechov, בולוחוב or באלעכוב, Polish: Bolechów) in 1940, with additional thousands of Jews brought in from the surrounding villages and towns in 1941 and 1942, was mostly annihilated, brutally, by the Germans with local Ukrainian collaborators. Only 48 of Bolekhiv's Jews were known to have survived the war.〔Bartov O. ("Erased: vanishing traces of Jewish Galicia in present day Ukraine." ) Princeton University Press, 2007. ISBN 069113121X, 9780691131214 p73 - 74. Accessed at Google Books 24 February 2014.〕 A wealth of documentation exists about the atrocities committed in this town, beginning already in 1935, before World War II, by the local population and government, and ending with the total annihilation of the Jewish population by 1943. A book, ''The Lost: A Search for Six of Six Million'' by Daniel Mendelsohn, tells the story of the town and the demise of its Jews, according to testimony, most of which was found at the Yad Vashem holocaust museum in Jerusalem. A survivor, Shlomo Adler, published a book "I am a Jew Again" about the town in Hebrew, and a German writer Anatol Regnier who married an Israeli singer the daughter of a Jewish Bolechov survivor, wrote another version of the town story "Damals in Bolechów: Eine jüdische Odyssee". A documentary movie "Neighbors and Murderers" was made, about the books and their authors, following the survivors' stories, and those of some of the Ukrainian neighbors who witnessed what happened, also confronting some of the Ukrainian perpetrators' family. The movie ends with the sister in law of one of the murderers from the Ukrainian police, herself a victim of the communist regime sent to Siberia for many years, asking forgiveness, and the survivor asking if he is allowed to forgive.〔(Murderers and Neighbors ) (YouTube)〕 == The Jews of Bolekhiv == A Jewish community existed in Bolekhiv (Yiddish pronunciation: Bolechov) since its establishment by Nicholas Gydzincki. The town founder proclaimed equal rights to Jews as Christians, and this was confirmed by Sigismund III Vasa, the king of the new Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, formerly crown prince of Poland, the grand duke of Lithuania, and later to become king of Sweden.〔(JewishEncyclopedia.com )〕 By 1890, seventy-five percent of the population of Bolekhiv (4237 people) was Jewish.〔 Two Jewish residents of Bolekhiv, Moshe Weiss and Josef Rotte, established and participated in the first Kibbutz by the Shomer Hatzair movement in Palestine, and were members of the Shomriya Workers Battalion. By 1940 the Jewish population of Bolekhiv reached about 3000.〔''The Lost'' page 128〕 In 1941 and 1942, thousands of Jews were added to the population, from the surrounding towns.〔 Only 48 Jews of the town survived World War II〔 A book about 19th century Bolekhiv, "Memoirs of Reb Bear of Bolechov" is known to be one of the important historical documents about Jewish life in Galicia and eastern Europe in those times.〔In ''The Lost'' it is mistakenly discussed as describing the thoughts of the early "liberal" and Secular Jews, but in fact, it is known to be a document of the liberal religious movements, showing respect to the rabbis, even Hassidic 'rebbes' and at the same time open to the study of sciences and the practice of fair politics. (Preface by Y. Vishnitzer, Memoirs of Reb Dov of Bolechov, Page 8)〕 A Hassidic Rebbe, rabbi Shneibalg, 'the Rebbe of Bolechov', had a large Hassidic court in the town.〔(Rabbi Shneibalg, the Bolohover Rebbe ) (Hebrew)〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Holocaust in Bolekhiv」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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